{"id":2989,"date":"2020-07-12T10:21:03","date_gmt":"2020-07-12T10:21:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/anteus.hu\/?p=2989"},"modified":"2025-04-01T12:33:02","modified_gmt":"2025-04-01T10:33:02","slug":"rfid-nfc-ble-ce-inseamna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/anteus.hu\/ro\/rfid-nfc-ble-mit-jelentenek-ezek\/","title":{"rendered":"RFID? NFC? BLE? Ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 acestea?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ce standard dori\u021bi s\u0103 integra\u021bi cititoarele de carduri pentru controlul accesului? Alege\u021bi \u00eentre solu\u021biile RFID, NFC sau BLE! Acestea sunt dou\u0103 fraze pe care nu le ve\u021bi auzi niciodat\u0103 de la noi \u00een aceast\u0103 form\u0103, deoarece foarte pu\u021bini oameni \u0219tiu exact ce op\u021biuni de identificare f\u0103r\u0103 fir sunt disponibile \u00een lumea de ast\u0103zi \u0219i care este diferen\u021ba dintre ele. \u00cen acest articol vom explora aceast\u0103 \u00eentrebare.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

S\u0103 \u00eencepem cu \u00eenceputul. Tr\u0103im \u00eentr-o lume \u00een care angaja\u021bii nu doresc s\u0103 umble cu brelocuri z\u0103ng\u0103nitoare, nu doresc s\u0103 predea cheia de la birou la recep\u021bie (sau s\u0103 fie nevoi\u021bi s\u0103 o \u00eentoarc\u0103 \u00een semn de sup\u0103rare dac\u0103 uit\u0103). \u00cen plus, tr\u0103im \u00eentr-o lume \u00een care ne displace tot mai mult s\u0103 folosim numerar. Fie c\u0103 este vorba de plata cu cardul sau de controlul accesului, aceste trei standarde - RFID, NFC sau BLE - reprezint\u0103 solu\u021bia la problema sistemelor informatice declan\u0219ate de atingerea sau apropierea unui singur card pentru a efectua tranzac\u021bia dorit\u0103 (plat\u0103 sau chiar deschiderea unei u\u0219i).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/h2>\n

RFID, sau identificarea prin radiofrecven\u021b\u0103<\/h3>\n

Este o metod\u0103 destul de comun\u0103, deoarece cardul de credit din buzunarul dumneavoastr\u0103 func\u021bioneaz\u0103 probabil pe acela\u0219i principiu. \u00cen termeni practici, aceast\u0103 metod\u0103 necesit\u0103 un emi\u021b\u0103tor de radiofrecven\u021b\u0103 (\u00een comer\u021b \u0219i \u00een englez\u0103: tag), sau \"tag\" (acesta este microcipul dintr-un card bancar, card de acces sau alt tip de act de identitate, pentru simplificare \u00eei vom spune ID pe scurt) \u0219i un \"cititor\" (cum ar fi un terminal de card bancar sau un cititor l\u00e2ng\u0103 u\u0219\u0103).<\/p>\n

Cea mai comun\u0103 este a\u0219a-numita RFID pasiv\u0103: atunci c\u00e2nd ID-ul este atins (apropiat) de cititor, semnalul de radiofrecven\u021b\u0103 emis de cititor induce un curent \u00een ID, care este suficient pentru a trimite informa\u021biile stocate pe acesta \u00eenapoi la sistem (care apoi recunoa\u0219te, pe baza codurilor \"ascunse\" \u00een ID, dac\u0103 utilizatorul este autorizat s\u0103 introduc\u0103 sau s\u0103 pl\u0103teasc\u0103 suma de bani).<\/p>\n

Exist\u0103, de asemenea, RFID semipasiv \u0219i activ, \u00een care identificatorul con\u021bine o mic\u0103 baterie, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t nu trebuie s\u0103 ia energie de la cititor. Acesta r\u0103spunde mai rapid \u0219i mai fiabil. Acesta din urm\u0103 are o surs\u0103 de energie \u00eencorporat\u0103 mai serioas\u0103, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 o raz\u0103 de citire mai lung\u0103 \u0219i o capacitate de memorie mai mare. De obicei, durata de via\u021b\u0103 a unei astfel de etichete RFID active este de 8-10 ani. Din cauza dimensiunilor, a pre\u021bului \u0219i a cerin\u021belor de \u00eentre\u021binere, aceasta nu este utilizat\u0103 \u00een mod curent \u00een prezent \u0219i este folosit\u0103 doar \u00een domenii specializate.<\/p>\n

Astfel, \u00een momentul intr\u0103rii, acest tip de identificare func\u021bioneaz\u0103 prin aducerea de c\u0103tre membru al personalului a unei etichete RFID (card, legitima\u021bie de ceas, breloc etc.) aproape de un cititor. Cititorul induce un curent pentru a pune \u00een func\u021biune ID-ul pasiv, cite\u0219te datele din ID, trimite datele c\u0103tre sistemul de control al accesului, care verific\u0103 autoriza\u021bia de acces \u0219i deschide u\u0219a. Toate acestea dureaz\u0103 cel mult c\u00e2teva secunde.<\/p>\n

NFC (Near Filed Communications)<\/h3>\n

La prima vedere, \u0219i numai \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te utilizarea lor \u00een sistemele de control al accesului, acestea ar putea fi similare cu tehnologia RFID descris\u0103 mai sus, dar sunt o tehnologie diferit\u0103. \u00cen esen\u021b\u0103, aceast\u0103 tehnologie face deja parte din comunica\u021bia mobil\u0103, deoarece noile smartphone-uri \u0219i tablete o suport\u0103.<\/p>\n

Modul \u00een care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 este c\u0103 ave\u021bi dou\u0103 dispozitive compatibile NFC, iar atunci c\u00e2nd le atinge\u021bi (le apropia\u021bi), acestea \u00eencep o comunicare. \u00cen via\u021ba de zi cu zi, cea mai cunoscut\u0103 utilizare este, de asemenea, legat\u0103 de plat\u0103, unde atinge\u021bi telefonul de cititorul de carduri \u00een loc de cardul de credit \u0219i plata se face \u00een acela\u0219i mod, dar \u0219i sistemele de plat\u0103 PayPass.<\/p>\n

Aceast\u0103 comunicare nu necesit\u0103 un cod de \u00eemperechere sau o autentificare prealabil\u0103 \u0219i, la fel ca solu\u021bia RFID, permite comunicarea pasiv\u0103 \u0219i activ\u0103. De exemplu, un cip plasat \u00eentr-un autocolant, cip, card sau cam orice altceva poate fi utilizat pentru a crea o a\u0219a-numit\u0103 etichet\u0103 (identificator) NFC, pe care putem plasa (sau apropia) smartphone-ul \u0219i se ini\u021biaz\u0103 o comunicare. \u00cen acest caz, cipul \u00eendepline\u0219te o func\u021bie pasiv\u0103, \u00een timp ce comunicarea activ\u0103 poate avea loc atunci c\u00e2nd dou\u0103 telefoane mobile \u00eendeplinesc o sarcin\u0103 \u00eentre ele.<\/p>\n

La intrare, acest tip de identificare func\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca \u0219i cum telefonul ar fi cardul, caz \u00een care telefonul mobil compatibil NFC ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca identificator.<\/p>\n

BLE, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)<\/h3>\n

Cu aceast\u0103 solu\u021bie, pute\u021bi conecta dispozitive care se afl\u0103 la o distan\u021b\u0103 de aproximativ 8-10 metri. Este bine cunoscut faptul c\u0103 conexiunile Bluetooth clasice consum\u0103 mult\u0103 energie, dar BLE este o versiune mai eficient\u0103 din punct de vedere energetic a acesteia. De asemenea, aceasta poate fi utilizat\u0103 pentru identificarea \u0219i controlul accesului atunci c\u00e2nd se utilizeaz\u0103 cititoare RFID care accept\u0103 BLE.<\/p>\n

De exemplu, ceasurile inteligente mai noi pot fi conectate la smartphone-uri prin BLE (care este modul \u00een care ceasul transmite ritmului cardiac sau datele despre pa\u0219i c\u0103tre telefon), sau c\u0103\u0219tile wireless utilizeaz\u0103 aceea\u0219i tehnologie.<\/p>\n

Desigur, are, de asemenea, un avantaj major \u00een controlul accesului, permi\u021b\u00e2nd utilizarea smartphone-urilor ca mijloc de identificare cu o mare libertate. Acest lucru este posibil \u0219i cu NFC, dar \u00een cazul iPhone, modul de func\u021bionare NFC este complicat la nivelul sistemului de operare \u0219i, pentru o lung\u0103 perioad\u0103 de timp, nu a putut fi utilizat deloc. Din acest motiv \u0219i din alte avantaje, companiile de top de pe pia\u021ba controlului accesului au dezvoltat cititoare compatibile BLE. Tehnologia permite aplica\u021bii care variaz\u0103 de la solu\u021bii extrem de convenabile la solu\u021bii extrem de sigure.<\/p>\n

Este posibil, de exemplu, s\u0103 se deblocheze numai smartphone-ul (de exemplu, prin identificare biometric\u0103, PIN sau cod de acces) \u00eenainte de a-l citi la sistemul de control al accesului, ceea ce ofer\u0103 o securitate extrem\u0103 prin identificarea rapid\u0103, dar \u00een doi pa\u0219i. Sunt posibile \u0219i metode de identificare mai simple. Pute\u021bi seta un mod groap\u0103 sau un mod de citire la distan\u021b\u0103, care v\u0103 permite s\u0103 intra\u021bi fie cu un smartphone \u00een buzunar, fie s\u0103 debloca\u021bi o u\u0219\u0103 sau o barier\u0103 de la c\u00e2\u021biva metri distan\u021b\u0103 prin ap\u0103sarea unui buton \u00een aplica\u021bie.<\/p>\n

\u00cen concluzie: care este solu\u021bia cea mai bun\u0103?<\/h3>\n

Cea mai bun\u0103 solu\u021bie pentru o anumit\u0103 loca\u021bie va depinde de cerin\u021bele de securitate \u0219i confort \u0219i de sarcinile specifice de acces. Solu\u021bia Anteus MaxReader ofer\u0103 o solu\u021bie flexibil\u0103 \u0219i convenabil\u0103 pentru fiecare form\u0103 de identificare. Fie c\u0103 este vorba de un card, un ID special, un ID mobil, o solu\u021bie de \u00eenalt\u0103 securitate sau cu costuri reduse, MaxReader este o alegere excelent\u0103 pentru Android, iPhone \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 smartphone.<\/p>\n

Contacta\u021bi-ne pentru mai multe informa\u021bii<\/u><\/a>\u00a0\u0219i s\u0103 discut\u0103m despre modul \u00een care sistemul dvs. de control al accesului poate fi actualizat.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A bel\u00e9ptet\u0151rendszerhez kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 k\u00e1rtyaolvas\u00f3kat milyen szabv\u00e1ny szeretn\u00e9 integr\u00e1lni? V\u00e1laszthat RFID, NFC vagy BLE megold\u00e1sok k\u00f6z\u00fcl! Ez az a k\u00e9t mondat, amit ebben a form\u00e1ban sosem fog hallani t\u0151l\u00fcnk, hiszen nagyon kevesen tudj\u00e1k, hogy pontosan milyen lehet\u0151s\u00e9gek vannak vezet\u00e9k n\u00e9lk\u00fcli azonos\u00edt\u00e1sra a mai vil\u00e1gban \u00e9s mi ezek k\u00f6zt a k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9g. Ebben a cikk\u00fcnkben ezt a k\u00e9rd\u00e9st […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":4445,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[57],"tags":[42,43,44,45],"class_list":["post-2989","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cikkek","tag-ble","tag-kartyaolvaso","tag-nfc","tag-rfid"],"yoast_head":"\nRFID? NFC? BLE? Mit jelentenek ezek? - Anteus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/anteus.hu\/ro\/rfid-nfc-ble-ce-inseamna\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"RFID? NFC? BLE? Mit jelentenek ezek?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A bel\u00e9ptet\u0151rendszerhez kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 k\u00e1rtyaolvas\u00f3kat milyen szabv\u00e1ny szeretn\u00e9 integr\u00e1lni? V\u00e1laszthat RFID, NFC vagy BLE megold\u00e1sok k\u00f6z\u00fcl! Ez az a k\u00e9t mondat, amit ebben a form\u00e1ban sosem fog hallani t\u0151l\u00fcnk, hiszen nagyon kevesen tudj\u00e1k, hogy pontosan milyen lehet\u0151s\u00e9gek vannak vezet\u00e9k n\u00e9lk\u00fcli azonos\u00edt\u00e1sra a mai vil\u00e1gban \u00e9s mi ezek k\u00f6zt a k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9g. 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NFC? BLE? Ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 acestea? - Anteus","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/anteus.hu\/ro\/rfid-nfc-ble-ce-inseamna\/","og_locale":"ro_RO","og_type":"article","og_title":"RFID? NFC? BLE? Mit jelentenek ezek?","og_description":"A bel\u00e9ptet\u0151rendszerhez kapcsol\u00f3d\u00f3 k\u00e1rtyaolvas\u00f3kat milyen szabv\u00e1ny szeretn\u00e9 integr\u00e1lni? V\u00e1laszthat RFID, NFC vagy BLE megold\u00e1sok k\u00f6z\u00fcl! Ez az a k\u00e9t mondat, amit ebben a form\u00e1ban sosem fog hallani t\u0151l\u00fcnk, hiszen nagyon kevesen tudj\u00e1k, hogy pontosan milyen lehet\u0151s\u00e9gek vannak vezet\u00e9k n\u00e9lk\u00fcli azonos\u00edt\u00e1sra a mai vil\u00e1gban \u00e9s mi ezek k\u00f6zt a k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9g. 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